ÕŻĶå ĒÕįķ     ĒĪČĒŃ     ĢÓŹĢę     ÓŹ ĒįŹŃęäķß     ŻåŃÓŹ
 

 

Abstracts

šCommunication and culture in the 21st century

With the end of the twentieth century and the turn of a new millennium, the global arena and the field of international communication are undergiong significant changes. This article will specifically address these changes and their implications for study within the field through the discussion of ten mafor points, eight of which are current phenomena in international and global systems and two of which are underying methodological and epistemological elements of the field.

I will attempt to illustrate these changes thriought the implicit theme of a need for reconceptualization of the field’s definition given the emergence of a new actors, the growing importance of cultural factors, the decline of state power, and finally a shift in the categories and Theoretical approaches used within the field.

 

šEvolvtion of press in the Central Asian Republics

In recent years, follwing the independence of the Central Asian countries, increasing attention has been dedicated to the resruuection of spiritual associations with them, under the influence of the historical solidarity and common cultural affinities among lran and these new countries. Besides the development of cultural, political and economical relations in their general sense with these new Republics, There have been various corperations in communicative fields such as the expansion of railroad links, the establishment of caspian sea littoral countris news agencies, and buliding milles of international optical telecommunicative cables between the eastrern coasts of China and the North – Western part of Europe passing through Turkmenistan. Hence, a survey of the evolution in the new Central Asian Republics, press may help improve our understanding of the recent developments in these nations and the establishment of relations with them.

The present article opens with a short introduction about the historical back ground of the press in the Central Asian countries.

Then in five chapters, the condition of the press in Uzbakistan, Tajikestan, Turkmenistan, Kirkizestan, Kazakhstan (following the persian alphabetical order) in the post – independence era has been surveyed. In each chapter two seperate issues have been discussed – First, the overall characteristics of newspapers and magazines and the related activities such as those in printing agenceis, news agencies and the training facilities for fournalists, and second, the ruling legal and political conditions such as those anticipated by the constitutional and printing laws about freedom of the press and the reactions of the states towards it plus various examples of print restriction.

The article ends with a sum-up of the current situation of the press and its future perspective.

 

šNew Communication Technologies and their impact on Contemporary Societies: Concerns and Prospects

Communication media and information technologies are rapidly changing our cultural environments at an alarming pace as they influence and alter practicalyy every facet of our lives at local, regional, national, and inernational levels. Withe that in mind, this article presents a brief overiew of the satus and impact of communication technologies on education, culture, politcs, economics, freedom, privacy, and human relation. For further information and detalis, intested readers may wish to consult the sources used in writing this article.

 

˜Social Communication and Sociology of Knowledge

Thought The discussion in the fields of social communication and sociology of knowledge is not quite recent, with the present semi – philosophical scientific elaboration offered in the article, one can assume new dimensions in this regard. If the exagerated claim is true that all the concepts and expressions of modern man have been transfered, or are being transferrde, From the Guttenberg Cosmos to the Margueni cosmos; one can understand the necessity of exploring the connection between human knowledge and the above – mentioned social and historical shift.

Other wise, once again, and this time in a catastrophic manner, the “inductive nature of consciousness”  of the human beings would lag behind the “instrumental and sensitivistic improvement” of the same consciousness! Though the article, so short as it is, fails to render a comprehensive analysis of that shift (especially in the colossal and ancient cultural  domains such as our islamic country). Its various hints have probably thrown light on some slices of the issue.

If it would be so, the writer could assert his relative success in this regard.

 

˜Designing a Model for The Media Situation in Each Country

In this article, for the first time, a parameter has been offered between Zero and One which represents the media consumption in each country.

This parameter is a combination of the number of radios, TVs, and daily newspapers used per 1000 people plus the weight of percapita periodicals in each country in proportion to the highest amount sued word wide, Then it has been proved that to know the mormality and abnormality of media situation in each country, one can benefit from the regression equation by relying on “human progress parameter” which has newly been proposed by the U.N. In the end, some model is given to determine the current situation of media in every country.

The  invention of this parameter and model is part of a research plan currently taught at the ph.D level of culture and communication at lmam sadegh (P.B.U.H)University. (The name of the couse is: Mass Media in Islamic countries.)

 

˜A Glance at the Sociology of Religion

“A Glance at the sociology of Religion” is an overview of a field of study in sociology which facuses on religion as one of the oldest and most impotant institutions in human society. The author highlight, some issues pertaining to the subject matter of this field, how it is differentianted from other intellectual attempts to make sense of religion, certain epistemologial problems involoved in the scientific study of religion, and the controversy surrounding the functional versus substantive definitions of religion. The author is convinced that the mainstream empirial – positivistic approaches in sociology are clearly inadequate in this field of inquiry. To gain a deeper and more meaningful grasp on religious behavior, the siciologist of religion is certainly better off to employ one of the varieties of “interpretive” approaches.

 

˜Cultureal Development and planning of Religious Educational Medium in Iran

Education s to be accounted for as a major concern in cultural development, and the content of every cultural policy is to a great extent based on this significant issue. Since the social development in various fields should depend on a special program, the educational planning has been dedicated a particular position. In  our Society where ethical and religious ualues take a unique role in cultural development, religion as an educational course of study has always been given a high rank, thus enhancing the importance of religious books as the most important educational medium.

This aritcle has been prepared to render briefly the conditions of religious book planning in the period between 1360 – 1375, plus their flaws and merits. In the end an appropriate model of the planning of this medium has also been included. In regard to the special purposes of the field of culture and communication, the writer hopes to have explained those problems that this field shares with religion.

 

˜Three Theoretical Framework for Psychological Opration

Pschological operation is a technique through which a kind of false consciousness is engrained in an audience in order to elicit a behavior contrary to their real interests. Being an effective instrument of behavior control, this technique requires a theoretical framework in the general theoretical context of behavioral sciences.

Three rich theoretical traditions pertaining to public opinion formation and collective consciouseness could serve us well in this regard. These traditions are illustrated by the author in this article.

This article draws a theretical framework for psychological techniques employed in the field of mind / behavior control.

 

˜Reviewing the Normative Theories of Media and Discussing Islamic Viewpoint.

After some preliminary remarks about the meaning of “norm” and “Value” , the article brings forward some related ideas and their classification. It then discusses the principle of “Supervision and social control” and its relation with “socialization” and various social groups together with the ways of controlling in the past and present societies plus the role of mass media in this regard.

In another chapter entitled “media and Communication” the following topics have been discussed: The current viewpoints concerning the communication studies, the mutual relation between the media and society the limits of power and the effect of media, their functions and their influence, the effects of public opinion and its ultimate, relation with norms and values, type of influence in proporion to existing values and norms, principles and norms in communication policies which are the basis of normative teories.

The remaining part of the article deals wity the connection between made and society from a normative viewpoint, by refering to sibert Althschull, Merrill, Hachten, emphasizing on Mcquail and Tehranian. A seperate sum – up and new classification on the basis of a variety of worldviews, are considered to be some innovation by the authors.