The phenomenon of Islamic awareness was introduced by the early 20th century and became one of the major discourses in Islamic countries especially in Middle East. It’s a development triggered by knowledge and will, aimed at moving towards intellectual maturities in the framework of order and Islamic system and resulted in retrieving individual identity firstly, and collective identity at last. Believing in the necessity of referring to religious principles and interpreting social, political and economic relations based on great capabilities of Islam besides the courage to take timely actions in order to make these goals happen forms the positive aspect, and countering any sort of exploitation and hegemony shapes the negative aspect of this movement. This movement like every other intellectual process influenced by internal and external factors has continued its evolution and reached its peak in the Islamic revolution. However, the process of Islamic awareness has faced several barriers and challenges . Some of these challenges resulted from weaknesses in Islamic societies, some resulted from intrinsic problems of Islamic awareness movements, and some others were influenced by foreign factors. To better understand these challenges, the  evolution of Islamic awareness process in three countries; namely Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq as three important and influential countries in Middle East is dealt with in this paper. From the author's perspective, the most important political-religious challenges facing Islamic awareness after the victory of Islamic revolution in these three countries as a symbol of different Islamic tendencies in Middle East are their, superficial and dogmatic understanding of religion and authoritarian governments. These factors are dangerous if not controlled. The role of political and religious elites is therefore crucial in directing and controlling these movements.

Key Words

Islamic awareness, Islamic movements, Iranian Islamic revolution, fundamentalism, Middle East.